For memory-intensive aggregations or sorting scenarios, users can use the settings max_bytes_before_external_group_by and max_bytes_before_external_sort respectively. The former of these is discussed extensively here. In summary, this ensures any aggregations can "spill" out to disk if a memory threshold is exceeded. This will impact query performance but will help ensure queries do not run out of memory. The latter sorting setting helps address similar issues with memory-intensive sorts. This can be particularly important in distributed environments where a coordinating node receives sorted responses from child shards. In this case, the coordinating server can be asked to sort a dataset larger than its available memory. With max_bytes_before_external_sort, sorting can be allowed to spill over to disk. This setting is also helpful for cases where the user has an ORDER BY after a GROUP BY with a LIMIT, especially in cases where the query is distributed.
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